% Pre-1989 files; there are 11 @article{Bala1989, author = {N.~P. Balabanov}, title = {Hypothesis to explain electrochemically induced nuclear fusion}, note = {In Bulgarian; published in 1989}, journal = {Nauchni Tr. Plovdivski Univ.}, volume = {26}, number = {4,(Fiz)}, year = {1988}, pages = {247--251}, keywords = {Remark, mechanical effects, res+}, submitted = {05/1989}, annote = {This paper, submitted on 5-May-89, lays out the problem of cnf, i.e. the imbalance between the large amount of heat and the small neutron flux. The author invokes mechanical friction effects to explain this, i.e triboelectronic and triboluminous emission. Any process that may lead to electron emission at sufficient energy might also cause fusion, by the formation of high voltage fields, up to 1E09 V/m. Such effects might be taking place at microregions in the palladium deuteride, due to the electrochemical loading with deuterium and subsequent mechanical effects. Some old references are given from the areas of mechanoemission (Kramer, late 1940's) and of tribochemistry (Thiessen et al, 1960's).} } @article{Dery1986, author = {B.~V. Deryagin and V.~A. Klyuev and A.~G. Lipson and Yu.~P. Toporov}, title = {Possibility of nuclear reactions during the fracture of solids}, journal = {Colloid J. USSR}, volume = {48}, year = {1986}, pages = {8--10}, keywords = {Experimental, fracto, res+}, annote = {Another early paper from the USSR, on fracto-something. Here, they shot pellets at heavy ice, i.e. D2O crystals, and appear to measure small but significant neutrons levels, a few times the background. Normal ice, H2O, did not produce neutrons. They theorise that an acceleration of deuterons in the microcracks of only 10 keV is enough to produce some neutrons from fusion reactions. The yield (from an ice bead of unspecified mass, using pellets with 100-200 m/s velocity) was about 0.25 neutrons per shot, averaged over 75 shots and corrected for the value for H2O.} } @article{Herb1926, author = {H. Herbst}, title = {Ist der Aufbau des Heliums aus Wasserstoff gelungen? (Was the production of helium from hydrogen succesful?)}, journal = {Chemiker-Zeitung}, volume = {50}, year = {1926}, pages = {905}, note = {In German}, keywords = {Discussion}, annote = {A comment on Paneth and Peter's (1926) report of the cold fusion of hydrogen into helium. Herbst points out that he himself had observed that it is not possible to remove all traces of He from catalysts by treatment in a vacuum, that high temperatures are required to drive it out. In particular, he claims that Pd will form compounds with helium, just as with hydrogen, so that a given Pd sample will have absorbed some He from the air. This, he says, explains both the appearance of He in Paneth's experiments, and its cessation after a time. He suggests that Paneth should use the vacuum+heat treatment as a precaution.} } @article{Klyu1986, author = {V.~A. Klyuev and A.~G. Lipson and Yu.~P. Toporov and B.~V. Deryagin and V.~I. Lushchikov and A.~V. Strelkov and E.~P. Shabalin}, title = {High-energy processes accompanying the fracture of solids}, journal = {Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett}, note = {Orig. in: Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 12 (1986) 1333. (In Russian)}, volume = {12}, year = {1986}, pages = {551--552}, keywords = {Experimental, fracto, res+}, annote = {Shot small pellets at LiD crystals and observed energetic radiation emitted, presumably from the micro-cracks resulting from the stress. The authors assume the possibility of nuclear fusion in these cracks. Note the year.} } @article{Libo1979, author = {R.~L. Liboff}, title = {Fusion via metallic deuterium}, journal = {Phys. Lett. A}, volume = {71}, year = {1979}, pages = {361--362}, keywords = {Discussion}, submitted = {03/1979}, published = {05/1979}, annote = {"A deuteron has spin 1 and is therefore a boson" is a recurring theme in this author's papers since this seminal one, in which he states that in the metallic phase of deuterium, thought to be attained at a pressure of some Mbar, there will be appreciable d-d fusion at low temperatures due to wave function overlap, leading to 3He. So this must be an early cold fusion paper.} } @article{Pane1926a, author = {F. Paneth and K. Peters}, title = {On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium}, journal = {Ber.}, volume = {59}, year = {1926}, pages = {2039--2048}, note = {In German}, keywords = {Historical}, annote = {Starts by mentioning even earlier attempts at this by Strutt and JJ Thomsen, who tried to bombard hydrogen by high-energy radiation. PP used palladium and hydrogen, under mild conditions. They mention that the form of palladium is important (they tried Pd black, sponge, etc.) and that the metal sometimes becomes inactive and refuses to take up H. Having invented a highly sensitive He detector, and being aware of the possibility of contamination by external sources, they went to great pains to exclude these. They nevertheless find He in Pd-H mixtures, and even a correlation between the amount of He and the length of time of reaction. They rather carefully conclude that, since all sources of error appear to have been eliminated, transmutation has taken place. This was submitted in August 1926 - to at least two journals, in fact; the article in Die Naturwissenschaften at about the same time contains, as far as I know, the same stuff.} } @article{Pane1926b, author = {F. Paneth and K. Peters}, title = {On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium}, journal = {Naturwiss.}, volume = {14}, year = {1926}, pages = {956--962}, note = {In German}, keywords = {Historical}, annote = {This is a copy/reprinting of the authors' paper in Ber. 59 (1926) 2039. Lest it be thought that this is an example of multiplying publications, the authors explain in 1927 that the journal asked for permission to print the paper. It contains exactly the same material as the original.} } @article{Pane1927a, author = {F. Paneth and K. Peters and P. G{\"u}nther}, title = {On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium}, journal = {Ber.}, volume = {60}, year = {1927}, pages = {808--809}, note = {In German}, keywords = {Historical}, annote = {Submitted February 1927 or about six months after the earlier paper, this retracts the earlier claim. In a fussy and unembarrassed manner, they report that they have now found a hitherto unsuspected source of helium contamination. Apparently, heated glass allowed He to pass through it, especially in the presence of H. This new error source is now sufficient to account for all the He found in the experiments, within the error limits of He detection. Therefore, it is not justified to assume transmutation.} } @article{Pane1927b, author = {F. Paneth}, title = {The transmutation of hydrogen into helium}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {119}, year = {1927}, pages = {706--707}, keywords = {Historical}, annote = {Paneth retracts, in much the same wording as the other paper in Ber. 60 (1927) 808, his and Peters' claims to have produced helium by the fusion of hydrogen in palladium. Although they had done control experiments without hydrogen, they had not been aware that hydrogen itself renders both glass and asbestos more permeable to helium, so the control was not a control. This still left them with some unaccounted positive results but in view of this major error source, they retract their fusion claim.} } @article{Pane1927c, author = {F. Paneth}, title = {Recent experiments on the transmutation of hydrogen into helium}, journal = {Naturwiss.}, volume = {15}, year = {1927}, pages = {379.}, keywords = {Historical}, annote = {The author explains that, since there was a reprinting of their 1926 paper on the subject in this journal, it is reasonable to also publish the retraction in the same journal, as well as in the other (Ber. 60 (1927) 808). The paper, then, is the same as the original - also, for the same reason, published in Nature by Paneth (1927).} } @article{VanS1986, author = {C. DeW. {Van Siclen} and S.~E. Jones}, title = {Piezonuclear fusion in isotopic hydrogen molecules}, journal = {J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.}, volume = {12}, year = {1986}, pages = {213--221}, keywords = {Theory, suggestion, high pressure}, annote = {Asks the question whether high pressure of the order of $10^6$ atm, as obtainable from a diamond anvil can significantly increase the natural fusion rate of hydrogen isotope atoms. There is a lot of theory but no real conclusion, because some experimental data is needed.} }