The following papers, are from a Google Scholar search for “Holmlid Rydberg.”
1980-1989
- Rate constants for cesium bulk diffusion and neutral desorption on pyrolytic graphite basal surfaces: A field reversal kinetic study
K Möller, L Holmlid – Surface science, October 1988 – Elsevier DOI
The kinetics of desorption for Cs and Cs+ from basal graphite surfaces at surface temperatures of 1220–1530 K was studied by the field reversal method. In this case, the peak ion signal after a period with retarding field, in the range 1 micros to 2 ms, was … - Rydberg states of cesium in the flux from surfaces at high temperatures
JBC Pettersson, L Holmlid – Surface Science, April 1989 – Elsevier DOI
Diffusion of cesium through an Ir foil at high temperature is used to give a flux of desorbing atoms and/or ions, which is not in equilibrium at the surface temperature. The desorbing flux is studied with electrostatic fields in a grid-collector combination, to determine the charge … - Alkali promotor function in heterogeneous catalysis: possibility of interaction in the form of Rydberg states
JBC Pettersson, L Holmlid, K Möller – Applied surface science, November 1989 – Elsevier DOI
The promotor function of alkalis in heterogeneous catalysis is proposed to involve excited states of alkali atoms at the surface. These states are formed during the emission of alkali ions from the bulk. During the transit out from the bulk, the ions attach electrons in high lying …
1990-1999
- Mechanism of potassium loss by desorption from an iron oxide catalyst for the styrene process
J Lundin, K Engvall, L Holmlid, PG Menon – Catalysis letters, January 1990 – Springer DOI
Several types of experiments have been done with molecular beam and mass spectrometric methods to characterize the desorption processes of potassium from a commercial styrene (potassium promoted iron oxide) catalyst. The loss of potassium as desorption of K is found … - Large fluxes of highly excited caesium ions from a diffusion source
…, C Aman, JBC Pettersson, L Holmlid – Journal of Physics B …, June 1990 – iopscience.iop.org DOI
The flux of caesium ions desorbing from a hot Ir surface has been studied by electrostatic means at energies below 400 eV, and with detection in a well shielded Faraday collector. The caesium diffuses through the iridium metal foil at temperatures of 1300-1400 K. Two … - Field ionizable cesium metal clusters from a foil diffusion source
C Åman, JBC Pettersson, L Holmlid – Chemical physics, October 1990 – Elsevier DOI
Ionized clusters of Cs were studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and energy analysis. The typical clusters contained 4000–10000 Cs atoms, assuming singly charged clusters. The clusters were formed in the neutral state by condensation of Cs from a foil diffusion …
Negative ions formed at grid surfaces in a flux of excited Cs atoms and ions
J Lundin, L Holmlid – International journal of mass spectrometry and ion …, 1992 – Elsevier DOI
In a thermionic energy converter with a carbon layer on the colder electrode, the so-called collector, a thermal plasma with special properties is formed. The flux of Cs from such a converter contains highly excited Cs atoms, even doubly excited states Cs 2★ and negative …
Loss of alkali promoter by desorption from promoted vanadium oxide catalysts
K Engvall, L Holmlid, H Prinz, H Hofmann – Catalysis letters, 1991 – Springer DOI
Experiments have been done with molecular beam mass spectrometric methods to characterize the desorption and emission processes of alkali promoter from a commercial vanadium oxide catalyst. It is a potassium and cesium promoted catalyst used for SO 3 …
Comparative loss of alkali promoter by desorption from two catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene to styrene
K Engvall, L Holmlid, PG Menon – Applied catalysis, 1991 – Elsevier DOI
Using molecular-beam and mass-spectrometric methods, the comparative desorption of potassium as K atoms and as excited-state (K 2*) species was studied from two commercial iron oxide catalysts (A and B, of which the latter was known to be superior) for the styrene …
Negative ions formed at grid surfaces in a flux of excited Cs atoms and ions
J Lundin, L Holmlid – International journal of mass spectrometry and ion …, 1992 – Elsevier DOI
In a thermionic energy converter with a carbon layer on the colder electrode, the so-called collector, a thermal plasma with special properties is formed. The flux of Cs from such a converter contains highly excited Cs atoms, even doubly excited states Cs 2★ and negative …
Semiconducting low‐pressure, low‐temperature cesium plasma with unidirectional conduction
R Svensson, L Holmlid, L Lundgren – Journal of applied physics, 1991 – aip.scitation.org DOI
In a low‐temperature, low‐pressure cesium plasma environment, special conditions have been found which exhibit unidirectional conduction of a current over a physical interelectrode space of a size up to 1 mm between two plane parallel electrodes. The …
Open source for excited species of alkali atoms and ions using diffusion through a thin metal foil
L Holmlid, JBC Pettersson, T Hansson… – Review of scientific …, 1994 – aip.scitation.org DOI
A novel type of source for excited species of cesium is described. It employs an effusive flux to the back of a metal foil, with the excited‐state emission from the other side of the covered foil. The foil is kept at a temperature of 1000–1900 K by direct heating with an electric …
Excited states of hydrogen emitted from a graphite diffusion source: Arrhenius behaviour
E Wallin, L Holmlid – Chemical physics, 1992 – Elsevier DOI
Excited states emitted from a graphite diffusion source, filled with hydrogen at temperatures up to 1400 K, is studied by an electrostatic detector of the same type as used previously inseveral studies of excited states of alkali. The detector signal gives good Arrhenius plots with
Raman Spectroscopy of the Plasma in an Open Research Thermionic Converter
R Svensson, L Holmlid – 1999 – sae.org DOI
The conclusion is that condensed matter, with a very low work function, is located on the collector surface and in the interelectrode gap (IG). This matter consists of highly excited cesium atoms in a condensed form, and is referred to as Rydberg Matter (RM). The …
Apparatus for efficient atomic level studies of alkali plasmas using sampling, probing, and spectroscopic methods
R Svensson, B Lönn, L Holmlid – Review of scientific instruments, 1995 – aip.scitation.org DOI
An experimental multipurpose alkali plasma device for atomic or molecular level studies of various plasma properties is described. The apparatus is built up around two or three electrodes which are mounted in a vacuum chamber, with the alkali vapor introduced …
Fast pulsing of an open research thermionic converter
R Svensson, L Holmlid – IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty …, 1997 – ieeexplore.ieee.org DOI
Several experiments concerning anomalous phenomena in an” open” thermionic energy converter (TEC) have previously been reported. Under certain conditions a very high electron current (back current), flowing from the cold collector to the hot emitter, has been …
Velocity distribution of Cs atoms emitted from a hot graphite-covered Ir surface after diffusion through the Ir bulk
T Hansson, L Holmlid – Surface science, 1993 – Elsevier DOI
The velocity distribution of Cs atoms emitted from a hot graphite-covered Ir surface, after diffusion through the Ir bulk, is measured. In the whole temperature range covered, 1200–1650 K, it is found to be of nearly Maxwell-Boltzmann shape with a temperature …
Hydrocarbon clusters from a foil diffusion source
C Åman, L Holmlid – Journal of Cluster Science, 1992 – Springer DOI
Rydberg states and clusters of Rydberg states have been reported in several cases from high temperature sources, so-called diffusion sources. The present study uses the same technique as the one used for the study of excited Cs clusters (Åman et al., 1990), and is …
Highly excited states of cesium from a diffusion source: gas phase ionization reactions
E Wallin, T Hansson, L Holmlid – … journal of mass spectrometry and ion …, 1993 – Elsevier DOI
The Cs flux from a diffusion source of the open type contains excited states which can give ions by field ionization [E. Wallin, T. Hansson and L. Holmlid, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 114 (1992) 31]. The flux further contains small clusters which decompose by the …
A TOFMS study of excited cesium species from a thermal plasma device
J Lundin, L Holmlid – International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion …, 1994 – Elsevier DOI
The flux of cesium species from a thermal cesium plasma is studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Excited cesium species drift to an ionization region located in a separately pumped chamber. In this region some of the excited cesium species are field ionized by an …
Electric field control of the rapid diffusion of K atoms into a graphite surface
L Holmlid, J Wang – Chemical physics letters, 1997 – Elsevier DOI
We show that the steady-state diffusion rate of potassium atoms into a graphite surface in the temperature range 1100–1500 K is increased strongly if the electric field outside the surface is directed so that no positive ions can leave the surface. This means that the thermal …
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Rydberg matter—a long-lived excited state of matter
L Holmlid, EA Manykin – Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 1997 – Springer DOI
The theory of condensed excited matter, the so-called Rydberg matter (RM), is examined briefly. Explicit results are given for several physical quantities, notably, the work function and the resistivity, for which experimental results exist. The most important aspects of the …
Highly excited Rydberg states of hydrogen from a high-temperature diffusion source
E Wallin, T Hansson, L Holmlid – Journal of Physics: Condensed …, 1992 – iopscience.iop.org DOI
The methods used for formation and observation of HR (highly excited Rydberg) states of alkali are here adopted for the study of hydrogen HR states. Electronically highly excited states are formed in a hydrogen-filled diffusion source with a graphite foil as emitter at high …